Stonebrood is a fungal disease caused by Aspergillus fumigatus, Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger. It causes mummification of the brood of a honey bee colony.
Chalkbrood or Ascosphaera apis is a fungal disease that infests the gut of the larva. The fungus will compete with the larva for food, ultimately causing it to starve. The fungus will then go on to consume the rest of the larva's body, causing it to appear white and 'chalky'.
European foulbrood or Melissococcus plutonius is a type of bacterial disease. It is a bacterium that infects the mid-gut of the bee larva. European foulbrood is considered less serious than American foulbrood. Melissococcus plutonius is not a spore forming bacteria, however bacterial cells can ...
American foulbrood is a type of bacterial disease caused by the spore-forming Paenibacillus larvae, is the most widespread and destructive of the bee brood diseases in the US. Larvae up to 3 days old become infected by ingesting spores that are present in their food. Spores germinate in the gut of ...
The European bee-eater (Merops apiaster) is a type of songbird that feeds on bees. It is a near passerine bird in the bee-eater family Meropidae. It breeds in southern Europe and in parts of north Africa and western Asia. It is strongly migratory, wintering in tropical Africa, India and Sri Lanka. ...
The European hornets are similar to wasps. Builds nests in hollow tree trunks and wooden manmade structures. It feeds on sap and fruit nectar, but is also likely to attack other insects, such as bees.
Wax moth (greater) or Galleria mellonella (greater wax moths) will not attack the bees directly, but feed on the wax used by the bees to build their honeycomb. Their full development to adults requires access to used brood comb or brood cell cleanings—these contain protein essential for the ...
Lesser wax moth is a small moth of the snout moth family. Their caterpillars larvae are among the best-known "wax worms". The caterpillars of the Lesser Wax Moth can be very destructive to the honeycomb.
