The term "jade" refers to two different, yet similar semi-precious metamorphic mineral gemstones, Jadeite and Nephrite. Nephrite and jadeite are resistance to breakage and chipping and, due to their toughness, made superior weapons and tools for early man. It was not until the 19th century that a French mineralogist determined that "jade" was in fact two different materials. Nephrite is usually only green and creamy white, while jadeite can have the full range of jade colours. Jade is mined in Canada, Australia, United States and Taiwan. Source: Encyclopedia of gemstones and minerals.