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Linen is a natural fiber made from the stem of the flax plant. It is a popular choice for summer knitting, as it is cool and absorbent to wear.
Acrylic is a synthetic fiber made of polyacrylonitrile. Acrylic yarn is widely available in craft stores and can be spun and plied to imitate many natural fibers.
Bulky yarn is heavier than worsted weight and is knit at a gauge of about 3 stitches per inch. This yarn is sometimes called chunky or rug yarn.
M1 means "make one" stitch and is used to create an almost invisible increase. The knitter makes a loop with his/her fingers and places it on the right needle as if a stitch was made. On the next row or round, this loop is worked like any other stitch.
St is the abbreviation for "stitch" or "stitches" in knitting patterns. The context will indicate whether the term is singular or plural.
P is the abbreviation for purl, which means to create a stitch by inserting the right needle from right to left in the stitch on left needle while holding yarn in front of work. A loop is pulled through the stitch on the left needle and the old stitch is slipped off the needle.
Double knitting or DK yarn is a weight in between sport and worsted weights. This weight is common in the United Kingdom.
Plarn is a term coined to describe "plastic yarn." Thrifty crafters have created items knit from plastic grocery bags.