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In the original concept of Volterra, the Burgers' vector of a crystal dislocation is a translation vector of the crystal, that is, a vector that connects atom positions so that the crystal can be rejoined perfectly across its glide plane. Such a dislocation is called a total dislocation. The ...
Dislocations in real materials are most commonly neither pure edge nor pure screw in their character, but are mixed dislocations whose Burgers vectors lie at an intermediate angle to the local direction of the dislocation line.
Dislocations in which the Burgers vector is perpendicular to the dislocation line. Dislocations in real crystals rarely have a pure edge character. Their Burgers vectors lie at various angles to their line directions. In the extreme case the Burgers vector is parallel to the dislocation line, which ...
The extrinsic point defects are foreign atoms, which are called solutes if they are intentionally added to the material and are called impurities if they are not. The foreign atom may occupy a lattice sites, in which case it is called a substitutional solute (or impurity) or it may fill an ...
An intrinsic defect is formed when an atom is missing from a position that ought to be filled in the crystal, creating a vacancy, or when an atom occupies an interstitial site where no atom would ordinarily appear, causing an interstitially.
Surface defects plastically deform the surface of the material. Surface defects are as follows. cracks , grooves , damages , slags , scabs and corrosion.
Point defects are where an atom is missing or is in an irregular place in the lattice structure. Point defects include self interstitial atoms, interstitial impurity atoms, substitutional atoms and vacancies.
Line defects, or dislocations, are lines along which whole rows of atoms in a solid are arranged anomalously. The resulting irregularity in spacing is most severe along a line called the line of dislocation. Line defects can weaken or strengthen solids.
