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Chromizing is also used for surface hardening of both carbon and tool steels.The components to be chromized are packed with fine chromium powder and additives.
Bronizing is one of the recent methods of surface hardening,which may be applied to any ferrous material but is generally adopted for carbon steel and tool steel.
Nitriding is most effective for those alloy steels which contain stable nitride forming elements such as aluminum,chromium,molybdenum,vanadium and tungsten.Nitriding is carried out in a ferritic region below 590 degree.
This process is specifically used for improving wear resistance of mild,plain carbon or very low alloy steels.Carbonitriding is carried out at low temperatures in the range 800 to 870 degree in a gas mixture consisting of a carburizing gas and ammonia.
In this process,the parts to be heat treated are immersed in a liquid bath at 800 to 960 degree of NaCN with the concentration varying between 25 and 90 percent.
A medium that is used for quenching is known as quenchants.The most commonly quenchants are water,oil,salts,air,gases and aqueous solutions.
This is the most widely used process for surface hardening of steels.It is carried out on low carbon steel which contain from 0.01 to 0.25 percent carbon and known as carburizing steels.
The special heat treatment given to medium carbon,high carbon and low alloy steels wire rod is called patenting.The process consists of heating the material well above the austenizing temperature to ensure formation of homogeneous austenite.
