(1) Capacity of a metal to absorb energy and deform plastically before fracturing. Usually measured in a notch impact test, high impact values indicating high toughness, but the area under the stress-strain curve in tensile testing is also a measure of toughness. (2) The ability of a metal to ...
Steels containing alloying elements and with qualities superior to those of carbon steels. An alloy steel is defined as meeting one or more of the following conditions: having a manganese content greater than 1.65%, a silicon content greater than 0.5%, a copper content greater than 0.6%, or ...
A turning operation in which a single-point tool moves radially, along the end of the workpiece, removing a thin layer of material to provide a smooth flat surface. The cutting tool moves from the outer diameter to the center or inner diameter of the workpiece or can move in the opposite direction. ...
1) Iron with a carbon content that exceeds the solubility limit of carbon in austenite (approximately 1.8%) at the eutectic temperature. Cast Irons typically contain 1.8-4.5% carbon, plus silicon, sulfur, and phosphorus; they may also have other alloying elements such as chromium, manganese, ...
Force per unit area. True stress denotes stress determined by measuring force and area at the same time. Conventional stress, as applied to tension and compression tests, is force divided by original area. Nominal stress is stress computed by simple elasticity formula. It can be divided into ...
In bending, residual stresses cause the material to spring back slightly after the bending operation. Due to this elastic recovery, it is necessary to over-bend a precise amount to achieve the desired bend radius and bend angle. The final bend radius will be greater than initially formed and the ...
Steel made from molten iron or ferrous scrap with carbon, manganese, sulfur, silicon, and phosphorous. Carbon steel contains up to about 2% carbon, up to 1.65% manganese, and 0.60% or less silicon. Its mechanical properties are primarily determined by the amount of carbon present. Aside from ...
The absolute value of the ratio of the transverse strain to the corresponding axial strain, in a body subjected to uniaxial stress; usually applied to elastic conditions. If a square bar is stressed in a testing machine in the direction of its length so that the length increases, there is a ...
