Steel made from molten iron or ferrous scrap with carbon, manganese, sulfur, silicon, and phosphorous. Carbon steel contains up to about 2% carbon, up to 1.65% manganese, and 0.60% or less silicon. Its mechanical properties are primarily determined by the amount of carbon present. Aside from carbon, only residual quantities of other elements (nickel, chromium, molybdenum, etc.) are present, except those added for deoxidization or to counter the deleterious effects of residual sulfur. Carbon steel is also called plain or straight carbon steel, and ordinary steel.