A) Usually used as a synonym for encryption, controlled disordering of a signal to prevent unauthorised reception. b) Sometimes used to describe controlled disorganisation of a signal to improve its robustness.

This form is more often called shuffling. c) To transpose or invert digital data according to a prearranged scheme in order to break up the lowfrequency patterns associated with serial digital signals. d) The digital signal is shuffled to produce a better spectral distribution. e) The alteration of the characteristics of a video, audio, or coded data stream in order to prevent unauthorised reception of the information in a clear form. This alteration is a specified process under the control of a conditional access system.