Chip-based Near Field Communication (NFC) card based on radio frequency identification (RFID) technologies that use RFs to transmit data, and which needs no physical contact to be read by readers or terminals. Contactless cards are waved near the reader to record transactions or to identify the user. Systems are either passive, with the readers generating the frequency, or active, in which case the card activates the reader. Sony’s FeliCa chip card technology (which has been integrated into mobile phones for m-banking and m-commerce in Japan) is an example.