Government Report in 1965 titled “The Negro Family: The Case for National Action.” Its author, sociologist Daniel Patrick Moynihan, had served as an assistant secretary of labor in both the Kennedy and Johnson administrations (was later elected senator from New York between 1976 and 2000). Focusing on urban black communities, Moynihan made conditions that were general to all poor people seem specific to African Americans. This was clear in his suggestion that the black family was stuck within a “tangle of pathology” derived from experiences in their history of slavery and segregation (drawing on the work of slavery historian, Stanley Elkins, and sociologist E. Franklin Frazier). The critics of Moynihan’s report accused him of racism, and of positing a “culture of poverty” argument that amounted to “blaming the victims” for their own condition. Moynihan’s focus on the need to remasculinize black men (if necessary with training in the armed forces), and discourage emasculating women from working, became a focus of considerable attention among black feminist scholars who noted the work’s fundamental sexism.