Electronic coupons (E-coupons) are the digital form of a paper coupon or voucher (also known as an “offer”), and can encompass several formats, including mobile and social coupons. An e-coupon can be part of a single-party process, where a retailer issues a coupon via its campaign management system for redemption in its stores, or it can be a multiparty process, such as digitized brand manufacturer coupons that are distributed in a variety of ways, such as redeemed in stores or processed by clearinghouses.