Explanation of the origin of the Earth on the basis of Biblical interpretations. In an extreme form, adapting fundamentalist interpretations that life was created by divine action 10,000 years ago; a moderate vision notes that the complexity of life systems shows evidence of a supreme intelligence. The debate between religion and science formed the heart of the famous 1920s Scopes trial in Tennessee; many thought this a dead issue in the postwar era. Yet creationism remained a prominent issue in local Christian activism in the South and Midwest. While the Supreme Court ruled that this could not be forced on school curricula, partisans have also attacked evolution as an “unproven theory.” In 1999, for example, the Kansas School Board ruled, over protests from teachers and scientists, that macro-evolution and the big bang theory could no longer be included in state science curricula.