Dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs) use an organic dye to absorb incoming sunlight to produce excited electrons and create an energy which is then transferred to an inexpensive material, such as titanium dioxide (TiO2). From there, the energy is collected on a transparent conducting surface. Currently, its conversion efficiency is between 8% and 11% (limited by the problems associated with both the electrolyte solution and the dye used), which is lower than most of other current solar technology.