Over 500,000 migrants from Portugal to the US span the complexities of Portuguese history and society The earliest were Sephardic Jews fleeing from Brazil to New Amsterdam (New York) (1624). Later, migrants from the islands of the Azores and Cape Verdes became attached to New England coastal fishing towns and the codfish industry Humberto Medeiros, a Portuguese American, later became Catholic Cardinal Archbishop of Boston. Bishop C.R. “Daddy” Grace, a Cape Verdean, became a charismatic black religious leader from the 1930s until his death in 1960. Portugal has also proven one of the most active European nations in post-1965 immigration.