(1912 – 1992) Philosopher, author and composer who forever changed notions of chance or indeterminacy in composition. One of his most famous works, “4’33”,” consisted of the composer sitting at the piano for over four minutes without playing (allowing the audience to supply the sounds). Other works, which incorporated recorded music, radios and player pianos as instruments, showed not only musical genius but an unending inventiveness. He collaborated with other artists, particularly with his partner Merce Cunningham. This work, too, relied on chance meetings between sound and movement created separately following distinct non-narrative trajectories. Cage’s written work, especially Silence (1961), brought ideas from non-Western and avant-garde music and philosophy to new audiences.