(born 1906) Director and screenwriter. Nazis forced Wilder to abandon his native Austria in 1933.

In the US, he became a remarkably insightful auteur into American relationships. His career as director and collaborative screenwriter included classics in noir (Double Indemnity, 1944), gender farce (Some Like it Hot, 1959) and savage depictions of media frenzies (The Big Carnival, 1951). In Lost Weekend (Oscar, 1945), Wilder also won Oscars for directing and shared screenwriting, a feat repeated with the The Apartment (1961). He shared another screenwriting Oscar for his Sunset Boulevard (1950), a haunting portrait of lost Hollywood.