These are variables that are hypothesized to be affected by the IVs and the PVs. The experimenter believes that this variable depends on the levels of the IVs or PVs. These are also known as the “outcome variables.”
These are variables that are hypothesized to cause an effect. Participants are usually randomly assigned to the various levels of the Independent Variable.
The way a question or an issue is posed; framing can influence people’s decisions and expressed opinions. Eg: 30% fat vs 70% leans.
Survey procedure in which every person in the population being studied has an equal chance of inclusion.
When two variables correlate, any combination of three explanations is possible. Either one may cause the other, or both may be affected by an underlying “third factor”.
Studies that seek clues to cause- effect relationships by manipulating one or more factors (independent variables) while controlling others (holding them constant).
The tendency to exaggerate, after learning an outcome, one’s ability to have foreseen it. Also known as the I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon. Important for test preparation.
A society’s widely held ideas and values, including assumptions and cultural ideologies. Our social representations help us make sense of our world.
