User provisioning or account provisioning technology creates, modifies, disables and deletes user accounts and their profiles across IT infrastructure and business applications. Provisioning tools use approaches such as cloning, roles and business rules so businesses can automate onboarding, off-boarding and other administration workforce processes (for example, new hires, transfers, promotions and terminations). Provisioning tools also automatically aggregate and correlate identity data from HR, CRM, email systems and other “identity stores.” Fulfillment is initiated via self-service, management request or HR system changes. Regulatory compliance and security efficiencies continue to drive most user-provisioning implementations.