Home > Blossary: Stem cell terms

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Created by: karen.west

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An early stage embryo of about 100 cells that has not yet implanted into the womb. The blastocyst is a sphere made up of an outer layer of cells, a fluid-filled cavity and cluster of cells inside called the inner cell mass. The blastocyst develops after cleavage and prior to implantation at approximately five days. Further reproductive development occurs only if the blastocyst is successfully implanted in the uterus.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

An early stage embryo of about 100 cells that has not yet implanted into the womb. The blastocyst is a sphere made up of an outer layer of cells, a fluid-filled cavity and cluster of cells inside called the inner cell mass. The blastocyst develops after cleavage and prior to implantation at approximately five days. Further reproductive development occurs only if the blastocyst is successfully implanted in the uterus.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

A cell produced during cleavage of a fertilised egg.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

A cell produced during cleavage of a fertilized egg.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

General term for cell without self-renewal ability that contributes to tissue formation. In some cases it generates tissue stem cells.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

General term for cell without self-renewal ability that contributes to tissue formation. In some cases it generates tissue stem cells.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

An early stage embryo of about 100 cells that has not yet implanted into the womb. The blastocyst is a sphere made up of an outer layer of cells, a fluid-filled cavity and cluster of cells inside called the inner cell mass. The blastocyst develops after cleavage and prior to implantation at approximately five days. Further reproductive development occurs only if the blastocyst is successfully implanted in the uterus.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

An early stage embryo of about 100 cells that has not yet implanted into the womb. The blastocyst is a sphere made up of an outer layer of cells, a fluid-filled cavity and cluster of cells inside called the inner cell mass. The blastocyst develops after cleavage and prior to implantation at approximately five days. Further reproductive development occurs only if the blastocyst is successfully implanted in the uterus.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

Cell division resulting in two daughter cells with different properties. Observed in some but not all stem cells and can occur in other types of progenitor cell.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

Cell division resulting in two daughter cells with different properties. Observed in some but not all stem cells and can occur in other types of progenitor cell.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

The growth of cells in a laboratory dish for experimental research. The cells are grown in a solution, or medium, that contains nutrients and growth factors. Different factors can be added to the culture medium to initiate changes in cell behaviour.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

The growth of cells in a laboratory dish for experimental research. The cells are grown in a solution, or medium, that contains nutrients and growth factors. Different factors can be added to the culture medium to initiate changes in cell behaviour.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

A research study in human subjects to answer specific questions about vaccines or new therapies or new ways of using known treatments. Clinical trials are used to determine whether new drugs or treatments are both safe and effective. Trials take place in four phases: Phase I tests a new drug or treatment in a small group; Phase II expands the study to a larger group of people; Phase III expands the study to an even larger group of people; and Phase IV takes place after the drug or treatment has been licenced and marketed.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

A research study in human subjects to answer specific questions about vaccines or new therapies or new ways of using known treatments. Clinical trials are used to determine whether new drugs or treatments are both safe and effective. Trials take place in four phases: Phase I tests a new drug or treatment in a small group; Phase II expands the study to a larger group of people; Phase III expands the study to an even larger group of people; and Phase IV takes place after the drug or treatment has been licensed and marketed.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

Able to form two or more mature cell types within a tissue. For example, neural stem cells that can create a subset of neurons in the brain are oligopotent.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

Able to form two or more mature cell types within a tissue. For example, neural stem cells that can create a subset of neurons in the brain are oligopotent.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

An egg before maturation; a female gametocyte; also called an ovocyte.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

An egg before maturation; a female gametocyte; also called an ovocyte.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

The oval spongy structure in the uterus from which the foetus derives its nourishment and oxygen. The placenta develops from the outer cell layer of the blastocyst, called the trophoblast.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

The oval spongy structure in the uterus from which the fetus derives its nourishment and oxygen. The placenta develops from the outer cell layer of the blastocyst, called the trophoblast.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

The use of cloning technology to help in the search for possible cures and treatments for diseases and disabilities.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

the use of cloning technology to help in the search for possible cures and treatments for diseases and disabilities.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

Reconstruction of diseased or injured tissue by activation of resident cells or by cell transplantation.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

Reconstruction of diseased or injured tissue by activation of resident cells or by cell transplantation.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

The use of cloning technology to create a child.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

the use of cloning technology to create a child.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

A type of white blood cell and a versatile part of the immune system. Constantly on patrol, macrophages can find and kill many different kinds of bacteria. They are usually the first responders to any invasion of the body.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

A type of white blood cell and a versatile part of the immune system. Constantly on patrol, macrophages can find and kill many different kinds of bacteria. They are usually the first responders to any invasion of the body.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

Any of the cells of a plant or animal other than germ cells (reproductive cells)

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

Any of the cells of a plant or animal other than germ cells (reproductive cells)

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

The ability of a stem cell to divide and produce copies of itself for an indefinite period of time. This is the defining property of stem cells.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

The ability of a stem cell to divide and produce copies of itself for an indefinite period of time. This is the defining property of stem cells.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

The ability of a stem cell to divide and produce copies of itself for an indefinite period of time. This is the defining property of stem cells.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

The ability of a stem cell to divide and produce copies of itself for an indefinite period of time. This is the defining property of stem cells.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

The outer layer of cells of the blastocyst that attach to the uterine wall and give rise to the placenta.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

The outer layer of cells of the blastocyst that attach to the uterine wall and give rise to the placenta.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

To create a copy. "Therapeutic cloning" creates a line of stem cells genetically identical to the originating cell for use in research. "Reproductive cloning" creates an organism genetically identical to the organism providing the originating cell.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

To create a copy. “Therapeutic cloning” creates a line of stem cells genetically identical to the originating cell for use in research. “Reproductive cloning” creates an organism genetically identical to the organism providing the originating cell.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

The process by which stem cells acquire the features of specialised adult cells such as those found in heart, brain and pancreatic tissue.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

the process by which stem cells acquire the features of specialized adult cells such as those found in heart, brain and pancreatic tissue.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

The developing human organism (a group of cells) that arise from a fertilised egg (after merging of egg and sperm). An embryo does have the potential to become a complete organism. The embryonic stage ends at eight weeks of development.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

The developing human organism (a group of cells) that arise from a fertilized egg (after merging of egg and sperm). An embryo does have the potential to become a complete organism. The embryonic stage ends at eight weeks of development.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

A reproductive cell containing half of the genetic material necessary to form a complete human organism. During fertilization, male and female gametes (sperm and ovum, respectively) fuse, producing a zygote.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

A reproductive cell containing half of the genetic material necessary to form a complete human organism. During fertilization, male and female gametes (sperm and ovum, respectively) fuse, producing a zygote.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

The functional cell type of the liver. Hepatocytes make enzymes for detoxifying metabolic waste, synthesise proteins for the blood plasma, produce bile and help control blood sugar levels within narrow limits.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

The functional cell type of the liver. Hepatocytes make enzymes for detoxifying metabolic waste, synthesise proteins for the blood plasma, produce bile and help control blood sugar levels within narrow limits.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

A type of white blood cell and a versatile part of the immune system. Constantly on patrol, macrophages can find and kill many different kinds of bacteria. They are usually the first responders to any invasion of the body.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

A type of white blood cell and a versatile part of the immune system. Constantly on patrol, macrophages can find and kill many different kinds of bacteria. They are usually the first responders to any invasion of the body.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

A cell that can continuously produce unaltered daughters and also has the ability to produce daughter cells that have different, more restricted properties.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

A cell that can continuously produce unaltered daughters and also has the ability to produce daughter cells that have different, more restricted properties.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

Cells from the body other than sperm or egg cells.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

Cells from the body other than sperm or egg cells.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

A single cell resulting from the fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and egg) at fertilization.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

A single cell resulting from the fusion of male and female gametes (sperm and egg) at fertilization.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

A process that takes place in the laboratory (e.g., in cell culture).

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

A process that takes place in the laboratory (e.g., in cell culture).

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

The functional cell type of the liver. Hepatocytes make enzymes for detoxifying metabolic waste, synthesise proteins for the blood plasma, produce bile and help control blood sugar levels within narrow limits.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

The functional cell type of the liver. Hepatocytes make enzymes for detoxifying metabolic waste, synthesise proteins for the blood plasma, produce bile and help control blood sugar levels within narrow limits.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

Primitive (undifferentiated) cells that have the potential to become a wide variety of specialised cell types (i.e., cardiac myocytes, neuronal, pancreatic). They are pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst. Embryonic stem cells are NOT embryos and cannot become a complete organism.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

Primitive (undifferentiated) cells that have the potential to become a wide variety of specialized cell types (i.e., cardiac myocytes, neuronal, pancreatic). They are pluripotent cells derived from the inner cell mass of a blastocyst. Embryonic stem cells are NOT embryos and cannot become a complete organism.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

A developing human from the eighth week of gestation to birth.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

A developing human from the eighth week of gestation to birth.

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

Cells comprising actual reproductive components of a human organism (e.g., eggs, sperm).

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

Cells comprising actual reproductive components of a human organism (e.g., eggs, sperm).

Domain: Medical; Category: Stem cell research

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